Everything about The Algeciras Conference totally explained
The
Algeciras Conference of
1906 tookplace in
Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from
January 16 to
April 7. The purpose of the conference was to mediate the
First Moroccan Crisis between
France and
Germany, and to assure the repayment of a large loan made to the Sultan in
1904. France tried to bring about a protectorate (a weak nation under the protection and partial control of a stronger nation) over
Morocco, but this was opposed by Germany.
The full diplomatic corps of the European powers was involved. The chief mediator, US Ambassador to Italy
Henry White (aided in large part by Ambassador to Morocco
Samuel R. Gummere) was assigned by President Roosevelt to solve the dispute. The conference resulted largely in France's favor, though Gummere assured the protection of German investments.
The final agreement, signed
April 7,
1906 covered the organization of Morocco's police and customs, regulations concerning repressing the smuggling of armaments, and concessions to the European bankers from a newly-formed
State Bank of Morocco, issuing banknotes backed by
gold, with a 40-year term. The new state bank was to act as Morocco's Treasury Department, but with a strict cap on the spending of the Sherifian Empire, with administrators appointed by the national banks that guaranteed the loans: the German Empire, the UK, France and
Spain. Spanish coinage continued to circulate. Rights of Europeans to own land were established.
Taxes were to be levied towards public works.
The Sultan of Morocco retained control of a police force in the six port cities, which was to be composed entirely of Moroccan
Muslims (budgeted at an average salary of a mere 1000
pesetas a year), but now to be instructed by French and Spanish officers who would oversee the paymaster (the
Amin) and regulate discipline, and who could be recalled and replaced by their governments. The Inspector-General in charge would be
Swiss and reside in
Tangiers.
At the last moment the Moroccan delegates found that they were unable to sign the protocol, but a decree of
Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco on
June 18 finally ratified it.
During the conference, the British sailed their North Sea Navy to the
Strait of Gibraltar, which was also where their Mediterranean Navy was stationed. The purpose for doing this was to intimidate Germany.
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